1. the price depends on the breeder and the quality of the cat. different countries also have different pricing

2.Pedigree cats are expensive because a lot more is put into them than a regular domestic cat. A pedigree cat is years of selective breeding(in most cases) to arrive at a cat which should conform to a written standard. Basically this means.. they all look like maine coons, or they all look like birmans.. etc.. litter after litter. A breeder also sells a pedigree kitten usually with the following---microchip,full vaccinations, pedigree cert, sometimes food and litter samples as well. These do cost a bit. Also, from the time the queen is pregnant, she should receive the best care. From ultrasound to extra supplements...here's a simple breakdown as an example of what goes into breeding. it is very difficult to gain profit from breeding and most breeders are even lucky to break even..
http://www.my-secret-garden.de/teuereng.html

3. you can find the rest of the breeds on www.cfa.org
these are the breeds recognized by CFA. there are plenty more breeds which you may find on www.tica.org or www.acf.asn.au TICA is an American
registry which also operates largely in Europe and ACF is australian based.

4.you may read the standards and look at pictures of the cats in those websites.